The classic guide to how computers work, updated with new chapters and interactive graphics"For me, Code was a revelation. It was the first book about programming that spoke to me. It started with a story, and it built up, layer by layer, analogy by analogy, until I understood not just the Code, but the System. Code is a book that is as much about Systems Thinking and abstractions as it is about code and programming. Code teaches us how many unseen layers there are between the computer systems that we as users look at every day and the magical silicon rocks that we infused with lightning and taught to think." - Scott Hanselman, Partner Program Director, Microsoft, and host of HanselminutesComputers are everywhere, most obviously in our laptops and smartphones, but also our cars, televisions, microwave ovens, alarm clocks, robot vacuum cleaners, and other smart appliances. Have you ever wondered what goes on inside these devices to make our lives easier but occasionally more infuriating?For more than 20 years, readers have delighted in Charles Petzold's illuminating story of the secret inner life of computers, and now he has revised it for this new age of computing. Cleverly illustrated and easy to understand, this is the book that cracks the mystery. You'll discover what flashlights, black cats, seesaws, and the ride of Paul Revere can teach you about computing, and how human ingenuity and our compulsion to communicate have shaped every electronic device we use.This new expanded edition explores more deeply the bit-by-bit and gate-by-gate construction of the heart of every smart device, the central processing unit that combines the simplest of basic operations to perform the most complex of feats. Petzold's companion website, CodeHiddenLanguage.com, uses animated graphics of key circuits in the book to make computers even easier to comprehend.In addition to substantially revised and updated content, new chapters include:Chapter 18: Let's Build a Clock!Chapter 21: The Arithmetic Logic UnitChapter 22: Registers and BussesChapter 23: CPU Control SignalsChapter 24: Jumps, Loops, and CallsChapter 28: The World BrainFrom the simple ticking of clocks to the worldwide hum of the internet, Code reveals the essence of the digital revolution. Read more

Learn how to create, train, and tweak large language models (LLMs) by building one from the ground up! In Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) bestselling author Sebastian Raschka guides you step by step through creating your own LLM. Each stage is explained with clear text, diagrams, and examples. You'll go from the initial design and creation, to pretraining on a general corpus, and on to fine-tuning for specific tasks. Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) teaches you how to: Plan and code all the parts of an LLMPrepare a dataset suitable for LLM trainingFine-tune LLMs for text classification and with your own dataUse human feedback to ensure your LLM follows instructionsLoad pretrained weights into an LLM Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) takes you inside the AI black box to tinker with the internal systems that power generative AI. As you work through each key stage of LLM creation, you'll develop an in-depth understanding of how LLMs work, their limitations, and their customization methods. Your LLM can be developed on an ordinary laptop, and used as your own personal assistant. About the technology Physicist Richard P. Feynman reportedly said, “I don't understand anything I can't build.” Based on this same powerful principle, bestselling author Sebastian Raschka guides you step by step as you build a GPT-style LLM that you can run on your laptop. This is an engaging book that covers each stage of the process, from planning and coding to training and fine-tuning. Read more

A friendly, fully-illustrated introduction to the most important computer programming algorithms.The algorithms you'll use most often as a programmer have already been discovered, tested, and proven. This book will prepare you for those pesky algorithms questions in every programming job interview and help you apply them in your day-to-day work. And if you want to understand them without slogging through dense multipage proofs, this is the book for you.In Grokking Algorithms, Second Edition you will discover:Search, sort, and graph algorithmsData structures such as arrays, lists, hash tables, trees, and graphsNP complete and greedy algorithmsPerformance trade-offs between algorithmsExercises and code samples in every chapterOver 400 illustrations with detailed walkthroughsThe first edition of Grokking Algorithms proved to over 100,000 readers that learning algorithms doesn't have to be complicated or boring! This new edition now includes fresh coverage of trees, NP complete problems, and code updates to Python 3. With easy-to-read, friendly explanations, clever examples, and exercises to sharpen your skills as you learn, you’ll actually enjoy learning these important algorithms. Read more

Master the art of Python programming with 125 actionable best practices to write more efficient, readable, and maintainable code.Python is a versatile and powerful language, but leveraging its full potential requires more than just knowing the syntax. Effective Python: 125 Specific Ways to Write Better Python, 3rd Edition is your comprehensive guide to mastering Python's unique strengths and avoiding its hidden pitfalls. This updated edition builds on the acclaimed second edition, expanding from 90 to 125 best practices that are essential for writing high-quality Python code.Drawing on years of experience at Google, Brett Slatkin offers clear, concise, and practical advice for both new and experienced Python developers. Each item in the book provides insight into the "Pythonic" way of programming, helping you understand how to write code that is not only effective but also elegant and maintainable. Whether you're building web applications, analyzing data, writing automation scripts, or training AI models, this book will equip you with the skills to make a significant impact using Python.Key Features of the 3rd Edition:Expanded Content: Now with 125 actionable guidelines, including 35 entirely new items.Updated Best Practices: Reflects the latest features in Python releases up to version 3.13.New Chapters: Additional chapters on how to build robust programs that achieve high performance.Advanced Topics: In-depth coverage of creating C-extension modules and interfacing with native shared libraries.Practical Examples: Realistic code examples that illustrate each best practice. Read more

You Will Learn Python!Zed Shaw has created the world's most reliable system for learning Python. Follow it and you will succeed--just like the millions of beginners Zed has taught to date! You bring the discipline, persistence, and attention; the author supplies the masterful knowledge you need to succeed.In Learn Python the Hard Way, Fifth Edition, you'll learn Python by working through 60 lovingly crafted exercises. Read them. Type in the code. Run it. Fix your mistakes. Repeat. As you do, you'll learn how a computer works, how to solve problems, and how to enjoy programming . . . even when it's driving you crazy.Install a complete Python environmentOrganize and write codeFix and break codeBasic mathematicsStrings and textInteract with usersWork with filesLooping and logicObject-oriented programmingData structures using lists and dictionariesModules, classes, and objectsPython packagingAutomated testingBasic SQL for Data ScienceWeb scrapingFixing bad data (munging)The "Data" part of "Data Science"It'll be frustrating at first. But if you keep trying, you'll get it--and it'll feel amazing! This course will reward you for every minute you put into it. Soon, you'll know one of the world's most powerful, popular programming languages. You'll be a Python programmer.This Book Is Perfect ForTotal beginners with zero programming experienceJunior developers who know one or two languagesReturning professionals who haven't written code in yearsAspiring Data Scientists or academics who need to learn to codeSeasoned professionals looking for a fast, simple crash course in Python for Data ScienceRegister your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details. Read more

In A Tour of C++, Third Edition, Bjarne Stroustrup provides an overview of ISO C++, C++20, that aims to give experienced programmers a clear understanding of what constitutes modern C++. Featuring carefully crafted examples and practical help in getting started, this revised and updated edition concisely covers most major language features and the major standard-library components needed for effective use. Stroustrup presents C++ features in the context of the programming styles they support, such as object-oriented and generic programming. His tour is remarkably comprehensive. Coverage begins with the basics, then ranges widely through more advanced topics, emphasizing newer language features. This edition covers many features that are new in C++20 as implemented by major C++ suppliers, including modules, concepts, coroutines, and ranges. It even introduces some library components in current use that are not scheduled for inclusion in the standard until C++23. This authoritative guide does not aim to teach you how to program (for that, see Stroustrup's Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++, Second Edition), nor will it be the only resource you'll need for C++ mastery (for that, see Stroustrup's The C++ Programming Language, Fourth Edition, and recommended online sources). If, however, you are a C or C++ programmer wanting greater familiarity with the current C++ language, or a programmer versed in another language wishing to gain an accurate picture of the nature and benefits of modern C++, you won't find a shorter or simpler introduction. Read more

Despite using them every day, most software engineers know little about how programming languages are designed and implemented. For many, their only experience with that corner of computer science was a terrifying "compilers" class that they suffered through in undergrad and tried to blot from their memory as soon as they had scribbled their last NFA to DFA conversion on the final exam.That fearsome reputation belies a field that is rich with useful techniques and not so difficult as some of its practitioners might have you believe. A better understanding of how programming languages are built will make you a stronger software engineer and teach you concepts and data structures you'll use the rest of your coding days. You might even have fun.This book teaches you everything you need to know to implement a full-featured, efficient scripting language. You’ll learn both high-level concepts around parsing and semantics and gritty details like bytecode representation and garbage collection. Your brain will light up with new ideas, and your hands will get dirty and calloused.Starting from main(), you will build a language that features rich syntax, dynamic typing, garbage collection, lexical scope, first-class functions, closures, classes, and inheritance. All packed into a few thousand lines of clean, fast code that you thoroughly understand because you wrote each one yourself. Read more

An Introduction to Programming by the Inventor of C++Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++, Third Edition, will help anyone who is willing to work hard learn the fundamental principles of programming and develop the practical skills needed for programming in the real world. Previous editions have been used successfully by many thousands of students. This revised and updated editionAssumes that your aim is to eventually write programs that are good enough for others to use and maintainFocuses on fundamental concepts and techniques, rather than on obscure language-technical detailsIs an introduction to programming in general, including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming, rather than just an introduction to a programming languageCovers both contemporary high-level techniques and the lower-level techniques needed for efficient use of hardwareWill give you a solid foundation for writing useful, correct, type-safe, maintainable, and efficient codeIs primarily designed for people who have never programmed before, but even seasoned programmers have found previous editions useful as an introduction to more effective concepts and techniquesCovers a wide range of essential concepts, design and programming techniques, language features, and librariesUses contemporary C++ (C++20 and C++23)Covers the design and use of both built-in types and user-defi ned types, complete with input, output, computation, and simple graphics/GUIOffers an introduction to the C++ standard library containers and algorithmsRegister your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details. Read more

The definitive reference guide to C programming from K&R for writing good code that works and is easy to modifyLearn how to program in C from the developers of C, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. Intended for those with at least some experience with one other language (even if you are a novice), this book contains a tutorial introduction to get new users started as soon as possible and separate chapters on each major feature:Types, operators, and expressionsControl flowFunctions and program structurePointers and arraysStructuresInput and outputThis second edition of The C Programming Language describes C as defined by the ANSI standard and includes a reference manual that conveys the essentials of the standard in a smaller space for easy comprehension for programmers."K&R is one of my favorite books. The style of the tutorial chapters is so deceptively light and simple and the manual so crisp. Much of C's reputation of simplicity comes from the clarity and great little examples from this book. My 1978 copy has lost its cover and my K&R2 is somewhat dog eared. Above all, K&R is a useful book."Bjarne Stroustrup, designer and original implementer of C++, and author of The C++ Programming Language Read more

Kids learn to code with a deck of instructional cards by creating interactive games, stories, music, and animations with Scratch, a popular visual programming language.Now updated for Scratch 3.0, this 75-card deck features interactive programming projects you can make with Scratch, a free-to-use graphical programming language used by millions of kids around the world. The front of each card shows an activity, like Pong, Write an Interactive Story, Create a Virtual Pet, Play Hide and Seek. The back shows how to put code blocks together to make projects come to life! Along the way, kids learn coding concepts like sequencing, conditionals, and variables. Read more

A thorough and helpful reference for aspiring website buildersLooking to start an exciting new career in front-end web building and design? Or maybe you just want to develop a new skill and create websites for fun. Whatever your reasons, it’s never been easier to start learning how to build websites from scratch than with help from HTML, CSS, & JavaScript All-in-One For Dummies. This book has the essentials you need to wrap your head around the key ingredients of website design and creation.You’ll learn to build attractive, useful, and easy-to-navigate websites by combining HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into fun and practical creations. Using the 6 books compiled within this comprehensive collection, you’ll discover how to make static and dynamic websites, complete with intuitive layouts and cool animations. The book also includes:Incorporate the latest approaches to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, including those involving new markup, page styles, interactivity, and moreStep-by-step instructions for new site creators explaining the very basics of page layouts and animationsEasy-to-follow advice for adjusting page color and background, adding widgets to a site, and getting rid of all the bugs that affect site performanceBonus 6th book available at https://www.wiley.com/en-us/HTML%2C+CSS%2C+%26amp%3B+JavaScript+All+in+One+For+Dummies-p-9781394164721. Web development is a fun, interesting, and challenging skill that can lead to a lucrative career (if you’re so inclined). And with the right help, almost anyone can learn to create engaging websites from scratch. So, grab a copy of HTML, CSS, & JavaScript All-in-One For Dummies and you’ll be designing and building before you know it! Read more

The simplest, most visual introduction to coding for adults.Using a graphic method to break complex subjects into user-friendly chunks, computer coding has never been easier thanks to this programming book. Here's what you'll find inside the pages of this coding for beginners book:- To reinforce learning, practical coding projects are followed by suggestions and challenges for the reader to adapt and personalise a project- Step-by-step explanations visually break down each section of code and explain how coding works- Written and checked by a team of expert coders- Includes widely used languages, from introduction to career-usefulFrom learning Python coding and Javascript to HTML and Scratch, Beginner's Step-by-Step Coding Course brings the most essential coding skills within easy reach! Each chapter contains tutorials on practical programming projects designed to teach you the main applications of each coding language, such as building websites, creating games, and designing apps. You'll learn to think like a programmer by breaking a problem down into parts, before turning those parts into lines of code. Short, easy-to-follow steps then show you, piece by piece, how to build a complete programme. This essential coding guide contains everything you need to get on the road to code! It's perfect for anyone who wants to learn to code for a hobby or who wants to take their first steps towards a career in coding. Read more

The best place to start your journey toward becoming a full-fledged Flutter developerKey Features● Master essential Flutter widgets and styling techniques to write clean and reusable code.● Build functional apps with data fetching and navigation.● Integrate Firebase for user authentication and data storage.DescriptionFlutter in 7 Days is a comprehensive guide to mastering Flutter, the cross-platform mobile development framework that allows developers to build stunning Android and iOS apps from a single codebase. This book will teach you everything you need to know about Flutter and Dart, which is the language behind Flutter.Starting from scratch, you will learn the fundamentals of Dart programming, followed by a deep dive into Flutter's versatile widgets and state management techniques. Each chapter is designed to build your skills progressively, enabling you to create responsive and interactive user interfaces. You will also explore how to connect your app to the web with network calls and JSON parsing, navigate between different screens, and integrate Firebase for powerful features like user authentication and data storage in Firestore and managing app state efficiently.By the end of this book, you will be equipped with the knowledge and confidence to develop any mobile app using Flutter. This book not only covers the technical aspects but also provides practical insights and tips to enhance your productivity.What you will learn● Build and run Flutter applications on both Android and iOS.● Understand Dart programming fundamentals for Flutter development.● Create responsive and interactive user interfaces with Flutter widgets.● Implement state management for maintaining the app state efficiently.● Fetch and display data from the internet using REST APIs.● Integrate Firebase for authentication, database, and notifications.Who this book is forAnyone who would like to build a cross-platform iOS and Android mobile app using one programming language is welcome; no prior programming knowledge is required.Table of Contents1. Getting Started with Flutter and Dart2. Basic Programming Concepts3. First Flutter App4. Flutter Widgets5. Prep Up with Advanced Flutter6. Fetch Data from Internet7. Firebase Integration to Flutter App8. Miscellaneous Read more

With over 50,000 copies sold, The Rust Programming Language is the quintessential guide to programming in Rust. Thoroughly updated to Rust’s latest version, this edition is considered the language’s official documentation.The Rust Programming Language "covers everything you could want to know about the language."—Stack OverflowRust has been repeatedly voted "Most Loved Language" on the StackOverflow Developer Survey.The Rust Programming Language, 2nd Edition is the official guide to Rust 2021: an open source systems programming language that will help you write faster, more reliable software. Rust provides control of low-level details along with high-level ergonomics, allowing you to improve productivity and eliminate the hassle traditionally associated with low-level languages.Klabnik and Nichols, alumni of the Rust Core Team, share their knowledge to help you get the most out of Rust’s features so that you can create robust and scalable programs. You’ll begin with basics like creating functions, choosing data types, and binding variables, then move on to more advanced concepts, such as:Ownership and borrowing, lifetimes, generics, traits, and trait objects to communicate your program’s constraints to the compilerSmart pointers and multithreading, and how ownership interacts with them to enable fearless concurrencyHow to use Cargo, Rust’s built-in package manager, to build, document your code, and manage dependenciesThe best ways to test, handle errors, refactor, and take advantage of expressive pattern matchingIn addition to the countless code examples, you’ll find three chapters dedicated to building complete projects: a number-guessing game, a Rust implementation of a command line tool, and a multithreaded server. Read more

The second edition of this best-selling Python book (100,000+ copies sold in print alone) uses Python 3 to teach even the technically uninclined how to write programs that do in minutes what would take hours to do by hand. There is no prior programming experience required and the book is loved by liberal arts majors and geeks alike.If you've ever spent hours renaming files or updating hundreds of spreadsheet cells, you know how tedious tasks like these can be. But what if you could have your computer do them for you? In this fully revised second edition of the best-selling classic Automate the Boring Stuff with Python, you'll learn how to use Python to write programs that do in minutes what would take you hours to do by hand--no prior programming experience required. You'll learn the basics Python and explore Python's rich library of modules for performing specific tasks, like scraping data off websites, reading PDF and Word documents, and automating clicking and typing tasks. The second edition of this international fan favorite includes a brand-new chapter on input validation, as well as tutorials on automating Gmail and Google Sheets, plus tips on automatically updating CSV files. You'll learn how to create programs that effortlessly perform useful feats of automation to: - Search for text in a file or across multiple files - Create, update, move, and rename files and folders - Search the Web and download online content - Update and format data in Excel spreadsheets of any size - Split, merge, watermark, and encrypt PDFs - Send email responses and text notifications - Fill out online forms Step-by-step instructions walk you through each program, and updated practice projects at the end of each chapter challenge you to improve those programs and use your newfound skills to automate similar tasks. Don't spend your time doing work a well-trained monkey could do. Even if you've never written a line of code, you can make your computer do the grunt work. Learn how in Automate the Boring Stuff with Python, 2nd Edition. Read more

Welcome to the most comprehensive foundational guide available on the topic of C# coding and .NET. This book goes beyond “do this, to achieve this” to drill down into the core stuff that makes a good developer, great. This expanded 11th edition delivers loads of new content on Entity Framework, Razor Pages, Web APIs and more. You will find the latest C# 10 and .NET 6 features served up with plenty of “behind the curtain” discussion designed to expand developers’ critical thinking skills when it comes to their craft. Coverage of ASP.NET Core, Entity Framework Core, and more sits alongside the latest updates to the new unified .NET platform, from performance improvements to Windows Desktop apps on .NET 6, updates in XAML tooling, and expanded coverage of data files and data handling. Going beyond the latest features in C# 10, all code samples are rewritten for this latest release. Dive in and discover why this essential classic is a favorite of C# developers worldwide. Gain a solid foundation in object-oriented development techniques, attributes and reflection, generics and collections, and numerous advanced topics not found in other texts (such as CIL opcodes and emitting dynamic assemblies). Pro C# 10 with .NET 6 will build your coding confidence putting C# into practice, and exploring the .NET universe and its vast potential on your own terms.What You Will LearnExplore C# 10 features and updates in records and record structs, global and implicit using directives, file level namespaces, extended property patterns, and moreDevelop applications with C# and modern frameworks for services, web, and smart client applicationsHit the ground running with ASP.NET Core web applications using MVC and Razor Pages, including view components, custom tag helpers, custom validation, GDPR support, and areasBuild ASP.NET RESTful services complete with versioning, enhanced swagger, and basic authenticationEmbrace Entity Framework Core for building real-world, data-centric applications, with deeply expanded coverage new to this edition including SQL Server temporal table supportDive into Windows Desktop Apps on .NET 6 using Windows Presentation FoundationUnderstand the philosophy behind .NETDiscover the new features in .NET 6, including single file applications, smaller container images, and moreWho This Book Is ForDevelopers of any level who want to either learn C# and .NET or want to take their skills to the next level.“Amazing! Provides easy-to-follow explanations and examples. I remember reading the first version of this book; this is a ‘must-have’ for your collection if you are learning .NET!” – Rick McGuire, Senior Application Development Manager, Microsoft“Phil is a journeyman programmer who brings years of experience and a passion for teaching to make this fully revised and modernized ‘classic’ a ‘must-have’. Any developer who wants full-spectrum, up-to-date coverage of both the C# language and how to use it with .NET and ASP.NET Core should get this book.”– Brian A. Randell, Partner, MCW Technologies and Microsoft MVP Read more

JavaScript is the programming language of the web and is used by more software developers today than any other programming language. For nearly 25 years this best seller has been the go-to guide for JavaScript programmers. The seventh edition is fully updated to cover the 2020 version of JavaScript, and new chapters cover classes, modules, iterators, generators, Promises, async/await, and metaprogramming. You’ll find illuminating and engaging example code throughout.This book is for programmers who want to learn JavaScript and for web developers who want to take their understanding and mastery to the next level. It begins by explaining the JavaScript language itself, in detail, from the bottom up. It then builds on that foundation to cover the web platform and Node.js.Topics include:Types, values, variables, expressions, operators, statements, objects, and arraysFunctions, classes, modules, iterators, generators, Promises, and async/awaitJavaScript’s standard library: data structures, regular expressions, JSON, i18n, etc.The web platform: documents, components, graphics, networking, storage, and threadsNode.js: buffers, files, streams, threads, child processes, web clients, and web serversTools and language extensions that professional JavaScript developers rely on Read more

The Go Programming Language is the authoritative resource for any programmer who wants to learn Go. It shows how to write clear and idiomatic Go to solve real-world problems. The book does not assume prior knowledge of Go nor experience with any specific language, so you’ll find it accessible whether you’re most comfortable with JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Java, or C++. The first chapter is a tutorial on the basic concepts of Go, introduced through programs for file I/O and text processing, simple graphics, and web clients and servers. Early chapters cover the structural elements of Go programs: syntax, control flow, data types, and the organization of a program into packages, files, and functions. The examples illustrate many packages from the standard library and show how to create new ones of your own. Later chapters explain the package mechanism in more detail, and how to build, test, and maintain projects using the go tool. The chapters on methods and interfaces introduce Go’s unconventional approach to object-oriented programming, in which methods can be declared on any type and interfaces are implicitly satisfied. They explain the key principles of encapsulation, composition, and substitutability using realistic examples. Two chapters on concurrency present in-depth approaches to this increasingly important topic. The first, which covers the basic mechanisms of goroutines and channels, illustrates the style known as communicating sequential processes for which Go is renowned. The second covers more traditional aspects of concurrency with shared variables. These chapters provide a solid foundation for programmers encountering concurrency for the first time. The final two chapters explore lower-level features of Go. One covers the art of metaprogramming using reflection. The other shows how to use the unsafe package to step outside the type system for special situations, and how to use the cgo tool to create Go bindings for C libraries. The book features hundreds of interesting and practical examples of well-written Go code that cover the whole language, its most important packages, and a wide range of applications. Each chapter has exercises to test your understanding and explore extensions and alternatives. Source code is freely available for download from http://gopl.io/ and may be conveniently fetched, built, and installed using the go get command. Read more

Endless Loop chronicles the complete history of the BASIC programming language--from its humble beginnings at Dartmouth College, to its widespread adoption and dominance in education, to its decline and subsequent modern rebirth. In the early morning hours of May 1, 1964, Dartmouth College birthed fraternal twins: BASIC, the Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code programming language, and, simultaneously, the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS). It hadn't been an easy birth, and the gestation period was likewise difficult. BASIC was primarily the idea of one man, mathematics professor John Kemeny, a brilliant Hungarian mathematician who had once been an assistant to Albert Einstein, while the DTSS satisfied the vision of another, mathematics and statistics professor Thomas Kurtz, who had brought a democratizing spirit to Dartmouth's campus in the form of free computing for all. BASIC and DTSS caught on at Dartmouth quickly, with a vast majority of undergraduates (and faculty) making use of the computer system via teletypewriters only several years after its inception. But by the early 1970s, with the personal computer revolution fast approaching, Kemeny and Kurtz began to lose control over BASIC as it achieved widespread popularity outside of Dartmouth. The language was being adapted to run on a wide variety of computers, some much too short of memory to contain the full set of Dartmouth BASIC features. Most notably, Microsoft built its business on the back of ROM-based BASIC interpreters for a variety of microcomputers. Although the language was ubiquitous in schools by the early 1980s, it came under attack by such notables as computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra for its lack of structure as well as by Kemeny and Kurtz themselves, who viewed non-Dartmouth "Street BASIC" as blasphemous and saw it as their mission to right the ship through language standardization and the release of True BASIC. But by then it was too late: the era of BASIC's global dominance was over. In Endless Loop, author Mark Jones Lorenzo documents the history and development of Dartmouth BASIC, True BASIC, Tiny BASIC, Microsoft BASIC--including Altair BASIC, Applesoft BASIC, Color BASIC, Commodore BASIC, TRS-80 Level II BASIC, TI BASIC, IBM BASICA/GW-BASIC, QuickBASIC/QBASIC, Visual Basic, and Small Basic--as well as 9845 BASIC, Atari BASIC, BBC BASIC, CBASIC, Locomotive BASIC, MacBASIC, QB64, Simons' BASIC, Sinclair BASIC, SuperBASIC, and Turbo Basic/PowerBASIC, among a number of other implementations. The ascendance of BASIC paralleled the emergence of the personal computer, so the story of BASIC is first and foremost a story--actually, many interlocking stories--about computers. But it is also a tale of talented people who built a language out of a set of primal ingredients: sweat, creativity, rivalry, jealousy, cooperation, and plain hard work, and then set the language loose in a world filled with unintended consequences. How those unintended consequences played out, leading to the demise of the most popular computer language the world has ever known, is the focus of Endless Loop. Read more

PHP in easy steps, 4th edition demonstrates every aspect of the language you’ll need to produce professional web programming results. Its examples provide clear syntax-highlighted code, which is freely downloadable, showing PHP language basics including variables, arrays, logic, looping, functions and classes.Install a free web server and the PHP interpreter to create an environment in which you can produce your own data-driven web pages.Write PHP server-side scripts; master PHP operators and control structures; process HTML form data; get cookies and session data; access Web Services APIs over HTTP... and much more! PHP in easy steps, 4th edition is ideal for PHP newbies who want to quickly learn the fundamentals of server-side programming with PHP and create interactive web pages. Also, useful for PHP pros who want to grasp the new PHP 8 features and achieve optimum performance!Updated for PHP 8. Read more